1887

Abstract

yeasts are classical agents of superficial mycoses, and they are ranked as the first to second predominant basidiomycetous yeast able to cause invasive infections. The clinical presentation of infections varies with the affected anatomical site, with fungaemia present in the majority of invasive trichosporonosis cases. Only a limited number of antifungal compounds can be used to treat infections. Azoles are the first choice due to their intrinsic resistance to echinocandins. Better laboratory methods and up-to-date databases of commercial platforms are required to improve identification, susceptibility testing and surveillance of this potentially threating infection.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Award 2019/24960-0)
    • Principle Award Recipient: ElaineFrancisco
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Award 2020/14097-0)
    • Principle Award Recipient: ElaineFrancisco
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001621
2022-12-06
2024-05-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/71/12/jmm001621.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001621&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Colombo AL, Padovan ACB, Chaves GM. Current knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and trichosporonosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:682–700 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Francisco EC, de Almeida Junior JN, de Queiroz Telles F, Aquino VR, Mendes AVA et al. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of 358 Trichosporon clinical isolates collected in 24 medical centres. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:909 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. de Almeida Júnior JN, Hennequin C. Invasive Trichosporon infection: a systematic review on a re-emerging fungal pathogen. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1629 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Nakajima A, Saraya T, Mori T, Ikeda R, Sugita T et al. Familial summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan: two case reports and review of the literature. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:371 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Nobrega de Almeida J, Francisco EC, Holguín Ruiz A, Cuéllar LE, Rodrigues Aquino V et al. Epidemiology, clinical aspects, outcomes and prognostic factors associated with Trichosporon fungaemia: results of an international multicentre study carried out at 23 medical centres. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:1907–1915 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Arastehfar A, de Almeida Júnior JN, Perlin DS, Ilkit M, Boekhout T et al. Multidrug-resistant Trichosporon species: underestimated fungal pathogens posing imminent threats in clinical settings. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:679–698 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Takashima M, Manabe R-I, Nishimura Y, Endoh R, Ohkuma M et al. Recognition and delineation of yeast genera based on genomic data: Lessons from Trichosporonales. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 130:31–42 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Liu X-Z, Wang Q-M, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV et al. Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. Stud Mycol 2015; 81:85–147 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Guo L-N, Yu S-Y, Hsueh P-R, Al-Hatmi AMS, Meis JF et al. Invasive infections due to Trichosporon: species distribution, genotyping, and antifungal susceptibilities from a multicenter study in China. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:e01505-18 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Francisco EC, de Almeida Junior JN, Queiroz-Telles F, Aquino VR, Mendes AVA et al. Correlation of Trichosporon asahii genotypes with anatomical sites and antifungal susceptibility profiles: data analyses from 284 isolates collected in the last 22 years across 24 medical centers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e01104-20 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Costabel U, Miyazaki Y, Pardo A, Koschel D, Bonella F et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6:65 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Pontes ZBV da S, Ramos AL, Lima E de O, Guerra M de F de L, Oliveira NMC et al. Clinical and mycological study of scalp white piedra in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:747–750 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Chen SC-A, Perfect J, Colombo AL, Cornely OA, Groll AH et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare yeast infections: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:e375–e386 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Unoura K, Miyazaki Y, Sumi Y, Tamaoka M, Sugita T et al. Identification of fungal DNA in BALF from patients with home-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Respir Med 2011; 105:1696–1703 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ghaith D, Zafer MM, Hosny T, AbdElfattah M. MALDI-TOF MS overcomes misidentification of the uncommon human pathogen Candida famata by routine phenotypic identification methods. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1636–1642 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Scharf S, Bartels A, Kondakci M, Haas R, Pfeffer K et al. fuPCR as diagnostic method for the detection of rare fungal pathogens, such as Trichosporon, Cryptococcus and Fusarium. Med Mycol 2021; 59:1101–1113 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Kord M, Salehi M, Khodavaisy S, Hashemi SJ, Daie Ghazvini R et al. Epidemiology of yeast species causing bloodstream infection in Tehran, Iran (2015-2017); superiority of 21-plex PCR over the Vitek 2 system for yeast identification. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:712–720 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Arastehfar A, Fang W, Pan W, Lackner M, Liao W et al. YEAST PANEL multiplex PCR for identification of clinically important yeast species: stepwise diagnostic strategy, useful for developing countries. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 93:112–119 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Guo L-N, Xiao M, Kong F, Chen SC-A, Wang H et al. Three-locus identification, genotyping, and antifungal susceptibilities of medically important Trichosporon species from China. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3805–3811 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. de Almeida Júnior JN, Figueiredo DSY, Toubas D, Del Negro GMB, Motta AL et al. Usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identifying clinical Trichosporon isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:784–790 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Posteraro B, Efremov L, Leoncini E, Amore R, Posteraro P et al. Are the conventional commercial yeast identification methods still helpful in the era of new clinical microbiology diagnostics? a meta-analysis of their accuracy. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2439–2450 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. de Almeida JN, Favero Gimenes VM, Francisco EC, Machado Siqueira LP, Gonçalves de Almeida RK et al. Evaluating and improving vitek MS for identification of clinically relevant species of Trichosporon and the closely related genera Cutaneotrichosporon and Apiotrichum. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2439–2444 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. De Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gené J, Ahmed SA, Al-Hatmi AMS et al. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 4th ed. Utrecht: Westerdijk Institute/Universitat Rovira i Virgili; 2020 pp 358–371
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories eds US Department of Health and Human Services 2009
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Foster A, Buckley P, Lauriello J, Looney S, Schooler N. Combination antipsychotic therapies: an analysis from a longitudinal pragmatic trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 37:595–599 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Gibbs DL, Newell VA, Bijie H et al. Results from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Study, 1997 to 2007: 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of noncandidal yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole determined by CLSI standardized DISK diffusion testing. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:117–123 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Padovan ACB, Rocha WP da S, Toti AC de M, Freitas de Jesus DF, Chaves GM et al. Exploring the resistance mechanisms in Trichosporon asahii: Triazoles as the last defense for invasive trichosporonosis. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 133:103267 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lo C, Kang CL, Sun PL, Yu PH, Li WT. Disseminated fungal Infection and fungemia caused by Trichosporon asahii in a captive plumed basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons). J Fungi 2021; 7:1003 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Ma X, Li G, Jiang Y, He M, Wang C et al. Skin mycobiota of the captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the distribution of opportunistic dermatomycosis-associated fungi in different seasons. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:708077 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Abdallah ESH, Mahmoud MM, Abdel-Rahim IR. Trichosporon jirovecii infection of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1719–1732 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Munevar C, Moore BA, Gleeson MD, Ozawa SM, Murphy CJ et al. Acremonium and Trichosporon fungal keratoconjunctivitis in a leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:928–932 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Walsh TJ, Lee JW, Melcher GP, Navarro E, Bacher J et al. Experimental Trichosporon infection in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of an emerging opportunistic mycosis. J Infect Dis 1992; 166:121–133 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Ichikawa T, Nishikawa A, Ikeda R, Shinoda T. Structural studies of a cell wall polysaccharide of Trichosporon asahii containing antigen II. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:5098–5106 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Matsumoto Y, Nagamachi T, Yoshikawa A, Yamazaki H, Yamasaki Y et al. Development of an efficient gene-targeting system for elucidating infection mechanisms of the fungal pathogen Trichosporon asahii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18270 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Martínez-Herrera E, Duarte-Escalante E, Reyes-Montes MDR, Arenas R, Acosta-Altamirano G et al. Molecular identification of yeasts from the order Trichosporonales causing superficial infections. Rev Iberoam Micol 2021; 38:119–124 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.001621
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error